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Understanding Breast Cancer Treatment

Breast cancer arises when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. It can develop in different parts of the breast, with the most common origins being the ducts (ductal carcinoma) and lobules (lobular carcinoma).

The breast consists of three primary components:

  • Lobules: Glandular structures responsible for producing milk.
  • Ducts: Tubes that transport milk to the nipple.
  • Connective Tissue: A mix of fatty and fibrous tissues that provide structural support.

Breast cancer has the potential to spread through the lymphatic and vascular systems, a process known as metastasis.

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Common Types of Breast Cancer

Signs and Symptoms

Not all breast lumps indicate cancer. Symptoms vary, and some individuals may not experience noticeable changes. However, common warning signs include:

  • Presence of a lump in the breast or underarm.
  • Changes in breast shape, size, or symmetry.
  • Skin dimpling or irritation.
  • Nipple discharge (excluding breast milk), including blood.
  • Pain in any area of the breast or nipple.
  • Retraction or inversion of the nipple.
Breast Cancer Symptoms

Causes ?

Breast cancer’s specific causes is unknown, although a number of factors, such as:

Gender: Female

Gender: Female

Increasing Age

Increasing Age

Genetic Predisposition

Genetic Predisposition

Early Menarche

Early Menarche

Late Menopause

Late Menopause

Nulliparity

Nulliparity

Radiation Exposure

Radiation Exposure

Hormonal Replacement Therapy

Hormonal Replacement Therapy

Exposure to Estrogen

Exposure to Estrogen

Radiation Exposure Before 30 Years

Radiation Exposure Before 30 Years

Postmenopausal Obesity

Postmenopausal Obesity

Alcohol

Alcohol

Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

Regular self-examination helps detect abnormalities early, though it does not replace clinical screening. The steps include:

Visual Inspection

  • Observe the breasts in a mirror with arms at the sides and then raised.
  • Check for dimpling, puckering, or changes in contour.
  • Look for nipple inversion or unusual discharge.

Manual Examination

  • Lying Down: With one arm raised, use the opposite hand to palpate the breast in circular motions, covering all areas.
  • In the Shower: Using soapy fingers, gently press the breast tissue to detect lumps or irregularities.

Diagnostic Approach

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical assessment and imaging, often referred to as the Triple Test:

Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)

  • Performed by a healthcare professional to check for lumps or changes.
  • Systematic inspection and palpation of breasts and underarms.
  • Helps in early detection of abnormalities.

Radiological Evaluation

  • Performed by a healthcare professional to check for lumps or changes.
  • Systematic inspection and palpation of breasts and underarms.
  • Helps in early detection of abnormalities.

Biopsy

A sample of breast tissue is analysed to confirm malignancy. Biopsy techniques include:

  • Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
  • Core needle biopsy
  • Surgical biopsy

Hereditary and Genetic Factors

Breast cancer can be influenced by genetic mutations, particularly in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Individuals with a strong family history may benefit from genetic counselling and screening.

Treatment Modalities

Treatment is tailored based on tumor type, stage, and individual patient factors. Options include:

Surgery

  • Breast-Conserving Surgery (Lumpectomy): Removes the tumor while preserving the breast.
  • Mastectomy: Complete removal of the breast.
  • Axillary Surgery: Lymph node evaluation through sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection.

Chemotherapy

  • Uses drugs to kill or shrink cancer cells.
  • Can be given intravenously or orally.
  • May be used before or after surgery to improve treatment outcomes.

Hormone Therapy

Blocks hormone-driven cancer growth in hormone receptor-positive tumors.

Targeted Therapy

Used for HER2-positive breast cancer, targeting specific molecular pathways.

Immunotherapy

Enhances the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy

High-energy X-rays directed at the affected area to destroy residual cancer cells.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Breast Cancer

A: While not entirely preventable, risk can be reduced through a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, limiting alcohol intake, and avoiding tobacco use.
A: Yes, although rare, men can develop breast cancer. Symptoms include lumps, nipple discharge, and changes in nipple appearance.
A: Yes, moderate exercise can help reduce fatigue, improve mood, and enhance overall well-being. Consult a healthcare provider before starting a new fitness regimen.
A: Certain breast cancers grow in response to hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Hormone therapy may be recommended to block these effects.
A: Yes, breastfeeding has a protective effect by lowering hormone exposure and promoting cell differentiation in breast tissue.
A: No, scientific research has debunked this myth. Wearing a bra has no proven link to breast cancer risk.
A: No, many breast lumps are benign. However, any new or persistent lump should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
A: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that can detect tumors before they are palpable. Regular screening improves early detection and treatment outcomes.
A: Yes, recurrence is possible, which is why long-term follow-up and adherence to treatment plans are essential.
A: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting processed foods and red meat can support overall health and may lower cancer risk.

Schedule Your Consultation

Book your appointment with Dr. Harshit Srivastava for expert breast cancer treatment.

Breast Cancer Consultation

Contact: +91-8104598623

Email: dr.harshit.02@gmail.com

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Apollomedics Hospital, Sector B, Bargawan, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012


Phone: +91-8104598623


Email: dr.harshit.02@gmail.com