Which treatment is best for kidney stones?

The best treatment depends on stone size, location, patient condition, previous history, and available options.

How long is recovery?

Recovery varies by procedure: ESWL takes 1-2 days, PCNL takes 1-2 weeks, Ureteroscopy takes 3-5 days, and prevention is ongoing.

Penile & Urethral Cancer Treatment

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Introduction

Penile and urethral cancers are rare but aggressive malignancies that primarily affect older men. Penile cancer originates in the skin or deeper tissues of the penis, while urethral cancer arises in the urethra (the tube carrying urine and semen through the penis).

Penile cancer is most commonly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), often linked to poor hygiene, chronic inflammation, and HPV infection. Urethral cancer can develop in different cell types, including squamous, urothelial, and adenocarcinomas.

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Types of Penile and Urethral Cancer

Penile Cancer Types

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) (Most Common – ~95%)
- Can be superficial or deeply invasive.
- HPV-related SCC tends to have a better prognosis.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (Rare, slow-growing).
Melanoma (Aggressive, poor prognosis).
Sarcomas (Very rare, aggressive).

Urethral Cancer Types

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Most Common, ~60%).
Urothelial Carcinoma (Arising from bladder lining).
Adenocarcinoma (Glandular origin, rare).

Risk Factors

Penile Cancer Risk Factors

Human Papillomavirus (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33).
Poor genital hygiene (Smegma accumulation, chronic inflammation).
Phimosis (Tight foreskin, recurrent infections).
Tobacco use (Smoking, betel nut chewing).
Uncircumcised men have a higher risk.
HIV infection (Immunosuppression).

Urethral Cancer Risk Factors

Chronic inflammation (e.g., STDs, long-term catheters, stricture disease).
HPV infection.
Previous bladder cancer (Urothelial cancers may extend to the urethra).

Signs and Symptoms

Penile Cancer Symptoms

Non-healing ulcer or growth on the penis.
Redness, thickening, or wart-like lesions.
Foul-smelling discharge, bleeding, or pain.
Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin (sign of metastasis).

Urethral Cancer Symptoms

Blood in urine (hematuria) or semen.
Difficulty urinating, weak stream, straining.
A mass or swelling in the perineal area.
Painful urination or chronic urethral discharge.

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination

Inspection of penile lesions or urethral abnormalities.
Palpation of inguinal lymph nodes (to check for metastasis).

2. Biopsy

Penile Lesions – Punch or incisional biopsy.
Urethral Tumor – Cystoscopic biopsy.

3. Imaging for Staging

MRI – Helps assess depth of invasion in penile cancer.
CT Scan – Detects lymph node or distant metastases.
PET-CT – Used for advanced cases.
Ultrasound – Helps in lymph node assessment.

Urethral Cancer

Anterior vs. Posterior Urethra involvement affects prognosis.
Invasive cancers often spread to bladder, prostate, or lymph nodes.

Treatment Options

1. Penile Cancer Treatment

Early-stage:
- Topical chemotherapy (5-FU, Imiquimod).
- Laser therapy or Mohs micrographic surgery.
Locally advanced:
- Partial or total penectomy (surgical removal of part/all of the penis).
- Inguinal lymph node dissection (for N1–2 disease).
Metastatic:
- Chemotherapy (Cisplatin-based regimen).
- Palliative care for symptom relief.

2. Urethral Cancer Treatment

Surgical resection (Urethrectomy, cystectomy in invasive cases).
Radiotherapy for locally advanced cases.
Chemotherapy (For metastatic or urothelial-type cancers).

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Early-stage penile cancer (5-year survival >85%).
Locally advanced penile cancer (50–70% survival).
Metastatic penile cancer (<30% survival).
Urethral cancer survival depends on stage and histology (~40–60% 5-year survival).

Follow-up

Regular genital and lymph node exams.
Imaging (MRI, CT) for high-risk cases.
Surveillance for recurrence every 3–6 months.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

A: Yes. Circumcision (especially in childhood) reduces the risk by preventing chronic inflammation and HPV infection.

A: No. Cancer itself is not contagious, but HPV (a risk factor) is sexually transmitted.

A: HPV (especially types 16 and 18) causes genetic mutations in penile cells, increasing cancer risk.

A: Early-stage cancer may be treated with laser therapy or topical chemotherapy, but advanced cases need surgery.

A: Yes, surgery (penectomy) may lead to loss of function, but partial penectomy preserves some function.

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Contact: +91-8104598623

Email: dr.harshit.02@gmail.com

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Introduction

Types of Penile and Urethral Cancer

Penile Cancer Types

Urethral Cancer Types

Risk Factors

Penile Cancer Risk Factors

Urethral Cancer Risk Factors

Signs and Symptoms

Penile Cancer Symptoms

Urethral Cancer Symptoms

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination

2. Biopsy

3. Imaging for Staging

Urethral Cancer

Treatment Options

1. Penile Cancer Treatment

2. Urethral Cancer Treatment

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Follow-up

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Schedule Your Consultation

Quick Links

Contact Us

Penile and Urethral Cancer

Introduction

Types of Penile and Urethral Cancer

Penile Cancer Types

Urethral Cancer Types

Risk Factors

Penile Cancer Risk Factors

Urethral Cancer Risk Factors

Signs and Symptoms

Penile Cancer Symptoms

Urethral Cancer Symptoms

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination

2. Biopsy

3. Imaging for Staging

Urethral Cancer

Treatment Options

1. Penile Cancer Treatment

2. Urethral Cancer Treatment

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Follow-up

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Can circumcision prevent penile cancer?

Q: Is penile cancer contagious?

Q: How is HPV linked to penile cancer?

Q: Can penile cancer be treated without surgery?

Q: Does penile cancer treatment affect sexual function?

Schedule Your Consultation

Quick Links

Contact Us