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The best treatment depends on stone size, location, patient condition, previous history, and available options.

How long is recovery?

Recovery varies by procedure: ESWL takes 1-2 days, PCNL takes 1-2 weeks, Ureteroscopy takes 3-5 days, and prevention is ongoing.

Testicular Cancer Treatment

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Introduction

Testicular cancer is a highly curable malignancy that arises from the testicles (male reproductive glands located in the scrotum). It is most common in young men (15–40 years old) and accounts for 1–2% of all male cancers.

Most cases are germ cell tumors (GCTs), which are further classified into seminomas and non-seminomas. Testicular cancer is one of the most curable solid tumors, even in advanced stages, with a 5-year survival rate >95% when treated appropriately.

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Types of Testicular Cancer

1. Germ Cell Tumors (90–95% of cases)

Seminoma (40–50%)
- Slow-growing.
- Better prognosis than non-seminomas.
Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors (NSGCT) (40–50%)
- More aggressive.
- Includes:
  - Embryonal carcinoma (aggressive, spreads early).
  - Yolk sac tumor (most common in children).
  - Choriocarcinoma (rare, highly aggressive).
  - Teratoma (can be benign or malignant).

2. Non-Germ Cell Tumors (5–10%)

Leydig cell tumors (hormone-producing, mostly benign).
Sertoli cell tumors (rare, usually benign).

Signs and Symptoms

Risk Factors

Cryptorchidism (Undescended testis – 5–10× increased risk).
Family history of testicular cancer.
Personal history (contralateral testicular cancer increases risk).
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY genetic disorder).
Testicular atrophy or trauma.
HIV infection.

Signs and Symptoms

Painless lump or swelling in the testicle (most common).
Heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum.
Pain in the testicle or lower abdomen (30% of cases).
Back pain (suggests lymph node involvement).
Gynecomastia (breast enlargement in hormone-secreting tumors).

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination

Palpation of testicular mass (firm, non-tender).
Examination of the contralateral testis and lymph nodes.

2. Tumor Markers (Blood Tests)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) – Elevated in non-seminomas (never in pure seminomas).
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) – Raised in seminomas and non-seminomas.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – Indicates tumor burden.

3. Imaging for Staging

Scrotal Ultrasound – First-line test (detects intratesticular masses).
CT Scan / PET-CT – Checks for metastasis to lymph nodes and other organs.
MRI/Brain Imaging – If symptoms suggest brain involvement.

Treatment Options

1. Surgery (Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy) – First-line treatment

Removes the affected testis through an inguinal incision.
Prevents spillage of cancer cells into the scrotum.
Pathological examination confirms the type of tumor.

2. Chemotherapy

Used for advanced disease or high-risk cases.

3. Radiation Therapy

Used to treat retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
Non-seminomas are less sensitive to radiation.

4. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

Removes persistent lymph node disease after chemotherapy.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Overall 5-year survival: >95%.
Seminoma (Stage I) – Cure rate >99%.
Non-seminoma (Stage III) – Cure rate ~70–80% with aggressive treatment.

Follow-up (After Treatment)

Tumor marker levels (AFP, β-hCG) checked regularly.
CT scans every 3–6 months for the first 2 years.
Regular testicular self-exams for recurrence in the contralateral testis.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

A: Yes, it is one of the most curable cancers, even in advanced stages, with a >95% survival rate.

A: Yes, it can spread to the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and brain. However, chemotherapy is highly effective.

A: Usually not. The remaining testicle compensates, but sperm banking is recommended before treatment.

A: A painless lump, swelling, or heaviness in the testicle is the most common early sign.

A: It is a personal choice. Many men opt for a testicular implant for cosmetic reasons.

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Introduction

Types of Testicular Cancer

1. Germ Cell Tumors (90–95% of cases)

2. Non-Germ Cell Tumors (5–10%)

Signs and Symptoms

Risk Factors

Signs and Symptoms

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination

2. Tumor Markers (Blood Tests)

3. Imaging for Staging

Treatment Options

1. Surgery (Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy) – First-line treatment

2. Chemotherapy

3. Radiation Therapy

4. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Follow-up (After Treatment)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Schedule Your Consultation

Quick Links

Contact Us

Testicular Cancer

Introduction

Types of Testicular Cancer

1. Germ Cell Tumors (90–95% of cases)

2. Non-Germ Cell Tumors (5–10%)

Signs and Symptoms

Risk Factors

Signs and Symptoms

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination

2. Tumor Markers (Blood Tests)

3. Imaging for Staging

Treatment Options

1. Surgery (Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy) – First-line treatment

2. Chemotherapy

3. Radiation Therapy

4. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Follow-up (After Treatment)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Is testicular cancer curable?

Q: Can testicular cancer spread to other parts of the body?

Q: Does removal of one testicle affect fertility?

Q: What are the early signs of testicular cancer?

Q: Should I get a prosthetic testicle after surgery?

Schedule Your Consultation

Quick Links

Contact Us